cytokine
IL-33
Epithelial and stromal alarmin that lowers type 2 activation thresholds
Review layer
Last reviewed 2026-05-17
Alarmin pages emphasize epithelial and stromal alarm signals as threshold-lowering inputs rather than isolated cytokine facts.
State signature
Systems profile
Cascade viewer
Source → signal → tissue behavior
Sources
Signal
IL-33
Targets and effects
Graph neighborhood
Direct relationships
Airway epithelial injury and alarmin release
IL-33 activates ILC2-type barrier responses with IL-5, IL-13, and amphiregulin output
Cytokine ecology
Signal Role
IL-33 is released during tissue stress and activates ST2-expressing cells such as mast cells and ILC2s, linking barrier injury to type 2 immunity.
Pathway
Source Cells
Target Cells
Inflammatory Role
Amplifies allergic inflammation, mucus, eosinophils, mast cell activation, and tissue repair loops.
Regulatory Role
Supports wound repair and parasite defense when transient.