IMMUNE OS ATLASby AllerimSign in

cytokine

IL-10

Resolution cytokine that restrains antigen presentation, macrophage activation, and tissue damage

toleranceresolutionTregmacrophage

Review layer

Last reviewed 2026-05-17

well-supportedclinical context required

Tolerance and resolution are modeled as active regulatory programs. Their meaning changes across allergy, infection, cancer, and autoimmunity.

3 review sources

Provenance layer

External context

static reviewed map

Curated external IDs add pathway and protein context around Atlas content. They do not update the graph automatically and they are not patient-specific interpretation.

State signature

Systems profile

Inflammation86
Tolerance84
Metabolism54
Tissue88
Neuroimmune38
Chronicity48

System effects

Primary mapped axes from existing Atlas data.

Interpretive

Tissue

High 88

Organ, barrier, stromal, vascular, or local niche behavior.

barrier tolerancereduced macrophage cytokinesresolution support

Inflammation

High 86

Inflammatory alarm, recruitment, mediator release, or tissue-damaging amplification.

toleranceresolutionTregmacrophage

Tolerance

High 84

Immune restraint, resolution, regulatory tone, or set-point control.

toleranceresolutionTreg

Cascade viewer

Source → signal → tissue behavior

Sources

Tregs
macrophages
Bregs
dendritic cells

Signal

IL-10

Targets and effects

macrophages
dendritic cells
T cells
barrier tolerance
reduced macrophage cytokines
related: TNF-alpharelated: IFN-gammarelated: TGF-betarelated: GM-CSF

Graph neighborhood

Direct relationships

Full graph
IL-10->suppresses->Macrophage

Arrow shows upstream source toward receiving target.

Restrains inflammatory cytokine production

Context link: no causal arrow.

Resolution signature

Arrow shows upstream source toward receiving target.

SCFA-rich tolerance ecology

Context link: no causal arrow.

IL-10-rich regulatory tone travels with Treg-mediated tolerance

Arrow shows upstream source toward receiving target.

Regulatory B-cell behavior often depends on IL-10 output

Cytokine ecology

Signal Role

IL-10 is a central anti-inflammatory signal that preserves tissue function by limiting excessive innate and adaptive activation.

Pathway

IL-10RJAK1/TYK2STAT3SOCS3

Source Cells

TregsmacrophagesBregsdendritic cellsT cell subsets

Target Cells

macrophagesdendritic cellsT cellsepithelium

Inflammatory Role

Indirectly shapes inflammation by preventing over-amplification and collateral damage.

Regulatory Role

Suppresses antigen presentation, inflammatory cytokines, and costimulatory intensity.

Tissue Effects

barrier tolerancereduced macrophage cytokinesresolution support

Metabolic Effects

supports oxidative and reparative programs over inflammatory glycolysis

Nervous System Interactions

converges with vagal and cholinergic anti-inflammatory signaling

Related Loops

efferocytosis -> IL-10Tregs -> IL-10 -> reduced APC activation