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inflammation

Immune-complex formation and clearance

Immune complexes are not automatically disease. They become important when their size, solubility, antibody class, complement fixation, tissue location, and clearance capacity change inflammatory consequences.

Provenance layer

Pathway provenance context

static reviewed map

Curated external IDs add pathway and protein context around Atlas content. They do not update the graph automatically and they are not patient-specific interpretation.

Pathway logic

Trigger to state transition

Immune-complex biology explains clearance and amplification; it should not be used as a broad diagnosis without a clinical context.

Entry triggers

persistent antigenhigh antibody-antigen loaddrug or biologic exposureautoantibody contextinfection or food-antigen exposure

Key signals

C1qC3/C4 consumption contextFc receptorsimmune-complex burdenmacrophage clearance

Labs and data

C3/C4 when clinically appropriateurinalysis/organ-specific labs by symptom contextantigen/antibody testing by suspected condition

Visual sequence

1

formation

Antigen plus antibody

Complexes form when antibodies bind soluble or particulate antigen. Size, valency, and class matter.

antigenIgG/IgM/IgA/IgEcomplex size
2

reading

Complement and Fc receptor reading

C1q, complement fragments, Fc receptors, and phagocytes translate complexes into clearance or inflammation.

C1qC3bFc receptorsmacrophages
3

clearance

Liver, spleen, and macrophage clearance

Clearance systems normally remove complexes and prevent tissue deposition.

Kupffer cellssplenic macrophagescomplement receptors
4

injury

Deposition or inflammatory amplification

When complexes persist or deposit, complement and neutrophil recruitment can create tissue injury.

endotheliumkidney/skin/jointsneutrophilsvascular inflammation

Cells

macrophages

neutrophils

B cells

plasma cells

endothelial cells

Tissues

vasculature

kidney/skin/joint contexts

liver

spleen

Caveats

Immune complexes are common and often cleared normally.

Complement labs are context-dependent.

Deposition disease requires clinical evaluation.

Cross-links